Acute prostatitis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment methods

Many doctors call menopausal male prostatitis a joke. This disease is diagnosed in 20% of cases in men after forty years, in 70% - after sixty years and in 90% of cases after seventy years. The disease can occur in two forms: acute and chronic prostatitis. This disease must be treated, especially as it adapts well to therapy. But many men ignore unpleasant symptoms, which leads to the development of many complications that become more difficult to cure.

Reasons for development

Acute prostatitis is an acute pathology of the prostate that develops as a result of an inflammatory and infectious process in an organ due to the penetration of pathogens in its tissues. The disease is characterized by the appearance of swelling of the gland, purulent content in its tissues.This leads to the appearance of many unpleasant symptoms, disruption of the functionality of the organs of the genitourinary system.

There are many causes for acute prostatitis. In most cases, it is caused by pathogens.Some of the microbes can passively exist in a healthy person's body on the skin or in the intestines. Under the influence of some factors, they are activated, penetrate the gland tissues and actively multiply there. Often, the disease appears due to STDs, for example,chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, gonorrhea, etc.

In addition, an acute form of prostatitis occurs as a complication ofurethritis. Germs enter through ducts that open in the urethra. In addition, the cause of prostatitis is often the spread of bacteria from other organs of the genitourinary system. Often, the gland can be affectedduring surgical procedures, catheterization, diagnostic measures.

As the prostate contains a large number of blood vessels, the infection can enter here with blood flow in the presence of chronic pathologies in the body, for example,tonsillitis, bronchitis, etc.In the presence ofanal fissures, microbes can enter the prostate with lymphatic flow.

But infections do not always lead to the development of disease. Congestion in the pelvic region vessels, which developswith prolonged withdrawal from sexual intercourse or in a large number of them.

Congestion is also associated withlack of physical activity, constant constipation, alcoholism, varicose veins in the pelvic area, hypothermia.

Classification

In urology, several forms of pathology are distinguished, which are also their stages of development:

1. Catarrhal formis ​​characterized by the appearance of inflammation in the organ, a change in its mucous epithelium. Over time, swelling of the gland occurs, a mucopurulent secret is collected in it, contributing to the progression of the disease.
2. Then, focal suppuration appears. The disease enters the second stage (form) -follicular form. The urinary ducts are narrowed or blocked, the secret is no longer normally excreted from the organ. Pus can be secreted in the urinary tract, forming purulent foci. The gland cells change, the prostate continues to swell and grow in size.
The
3. parenchymal formdevelops when an organ is completely inflamed, a purulent infection develops in it. In the absence of therapy, small purulent foci merge into a huge one, an abscess develops, which usually opens in the urethra, intestines and bladder. In some cases, it is possible to develop this form of pathology immediately when the infection penetrates the interstitial tissue of an organ with blood or lymphatic flow.

Symptoms

Shows symptoms of acute prostatitis. How much the signs will be visible and felt will depend on the form (stage) of the disease. Common signs of the disease include the following:

• syndrome pain during urinary excretion;
• symptoms of intoxication;
• pain in the genital region;
• frequent need to use the bathroom, especially at night;
• possible secretion from the urethra.

As a man's prostatitis progresses, the pain syndrome spreads to other areas. This is due to the transmission of impulses along nerve endings. The excretion of urine becomes very painful. Often, at this stage, an acute delay occurs, considered a dangerous condition, as it can lead to a bladder rupture.

The symptoms of acute prostatitis continue to increase. There is severe pain during bowel movements, body temperature increases. The prostate is enlarged, stiff and painful. The urine will become cloudy due to the content of pus and mucus.

In the last stage, the disease manifests itself strongly.

The body temperature increases a lot, it is accompanied by fever and chills, loss of appetite, severe weakness, tiredness of the body as a whole. Urination can stop completely, and when trying to go to the bathroom, the man will experience severe and sharp pain. This condition is excruciating, the pain syndrome begins to spread throughout the pelvic region. A man cannot find a place for himself, he is forced to lie down with his limbs bent. If the inflammation spreads to the rectum, mucus will exit the anus. Yellow-green mucus mixed with blood is released from the urinary tract.

This condition can causesepsis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, chronic prostatitis, abscess. In this case, urgent hospitalization of the patient and emergency treatment is required.

Diagnosis

As the symptoms of acute prostatitis in men are quite pronounced, the doctor may immediately suspect a pathology. But he needs a thorough examination. Rectal examination, in this case, is strictly contraindicated.

The urologist must determine the stage (form) of the disease using laboratory and instrumental techniques. The doctor collects aprostate dischargefor examination. The concentration of leukocytes will be increased in it, which indicates acute inflammation.

Then,laboratory tests of blood and urine are performed. The urine is sent to bacteriological culture for examination, as well as determination of the agent causing the infection and its sensitivity to antibacterials. It is also possible to drive:

PCR
• for detection of STD;
• urofluxometry to identify the severity of organ disorders;
• Ultrasound of the prostate to determine the shape and size of the organ, its changes, the stage of the disease;
Dopplerometry
• helps to distinguish acute prostatitis from other pathologies;
• MRI of Organs pelvic organs is often prescribed when planning a surgical intervention;
• analysis of blood SPA concentration;
• examination of smears of urethral discharge;
• puncture of parts of the organ with suspicion of purulent infection and abscess.

Treatment

A urologist will tell you in detail how to treat acute prostatitis. The main component of therapy is an antibacterial drug, which is selected according to the results of the bacterial culture. In two or three days, the antibiotic starts to help, the person feels much better, the pain starts to subside. But in this form of the disease, these drugs need to be taken for a month, even if the symptoms have completely disappeared.

It is also necessary to prevent the disease from becoming chronic, which is quite common.

When choosing a medication, the doctor takes into account other factors:

1. some agents do not penetrate the gland tissues well;
2. other agents accumulate in tissues in large quantities.

The treatment of acute prostatitis in men should be based on the use of powerful medications, as in other cases that threaten a person's life. Typically, doctors prescribe fluoroquinolones. When using macrolides, the dosage should be large. This is especially true in patients with immunosuppression.

Antibiotics are usually administered with intravenous injections. In the initial phase, the disease can be treated at home or on an outpatient basis.In this case, bed rest is prescribed, as any energy load can cause the spread of infection and the development of sepsis.

In combination with antibiotics, the following drugs are also prescribed:

• pain relievers;
• antipyretic drugs;
• NSAIDs;
• an opiate may be prescribed for severe pain;
• diuretics to reduce intoxication of the body;
• laxatives to facilitate bowel movements;
• antispasmodic drugs to facilitate urinary excretion;
• alpha blockers.

If a man has acute urinary retention, catheterization with urea is performed. Antiandrogens are often used to reduce swelling and inflammation in the organ, improve the flow of secretions, normalize blood flow in the gland and reduce the risk of spreading the infection throughout the body.

Use of hormones like estrogen, enemas to relieve swelling and pain. Massage and thermal procedures for this form of the disease are strictly prohibited. They can only be applied during the recovery period.

Surgery

In the absence of pain, the doctor may suspect the development of an abscess. In this case, surgical intervention is performed to eliminate the areas in which it occurs. Abscess puncture drainage is often used. In severe and extreme cases, the organ is removed.

The operation is prescribed in the presence of abscess, acute urine retention, severe pain syndrome that cannot be eliminated by any medication, appearance of stones and neoplasms, as well as ineffective drug treatment, frequent infections of the genitourinary system, paraproctitis.

The surgeon can use one of the following techniques:

• TRUP (transurethral resection)involves removing the inner part of the organ. Most frequently used;
• Prostatectomyinvolves the partial or complete removal of an organ through an incision in the lower abdomen;
• Laser surgery. In this case, the affected areas of the organ are removed with a laser;
• The abscess is drainedby the rectum. A drain is inserted into the incision, through which the pus is pumped out;
• To facilitate urine removal, atransurethral incisionis ​​performed on the organ.

When the tissue structure of the gland is restored, its functions normalized, the secret of the prostate normalizing its composition, the causative agent of the pathology will be completely eliminated from the body, we can talk about the cure for prostatitis.

Forecasting

With therapy, the prognosis of the disease will be good. Sometimes the negative consequences of acute prostatitis occur. The disease can become chronic, so it will be more difficult to eliminate. Dangerous consequences of an untreated disease are organ abscess, sepsis, acute urinary retention. In some cases, due to the appearance of complications, death can occur. But generally men do not allow such consequences to arise, once they go to the doctor and start a course of therapy.

Prevention

For the purpose of prevention, it is necessary to prevent the appearance of predisposing factors. This requires timely treatment of all infections in the body so that they do not become chronic and do not become potential foci of infection that will spread to the prostate.

When performing surgical procedures, the doctor must be aware of the use of antiseptics. Otherwise, it increases the risk of germs entering the patient's body. It is important that the man and his sexual partner treat STDs in a timely manner and it is best to prevent their occurrence. Sex life must happen with a regular partner, it must be regular.

It is necessary to lead an active lifestyle, play sports or exercise, observe the rules of intimate hygiene.

Men generally seek medical advice in emergencies. But when negative signs appear, it is best to contact them immediately. This will help prevent many health problems and even save lives in some cases.